鄂伦春族山林文化之探析

The Exploration of Oroqen Mountain Forest Culture

山林文化是长期生活在山地的游猎民族的一种古老文化,是一种地域性极强的文化。这里我们要探讨的是生活在大、小兴安岭的鄂伦春族的山林文化。鄂伦春有两种解释:一是"住在山岭上的人们";二是"使用驯鹿的人们"。狩猎是鄂伦春族生存的根本需要。鄂伦春人把狩猎融进了生活的每一个细节当中。"桦树皮文化"是北方狩猎民族的一种古老文化。鄂伦春族的"桦树皮文化"作为一种历史现象,可以说是一种特殊的地域性文化传承现象。鄂伦春是一个有语言没有文字的民族,鄂伦春人创造出丰富多彩的口头文学,并靠着口耳相传,顽强地保留到今天。在现代化快速发展的今天,鄂伦春的山林文化渐行渐远,保护好鄂伦春族的山林文化,不仅是对文化的捍卫,更是对鄂伦春这个处于"边缘"的民族拥有更广泛的继承和发扬民族传统文化的发展空间和权利的维护。

Mountain forest culture, with distinct regional characteristics, is an ancient culture owned by a nomadic and hunting nationality living in mountainous area for ages. The paper tries to explore the mountain forest culture of Oroqen nationality living in the Larger and Lesser Xing＇an Mountains. Literally speaking, Oroqen means both ＂people living in mountains ＂and ＂people who make use of reindeers ＂. Hunting is a necessity to Oroqen people＇s life and has already become integrated into every aspect of their ordinary way of life. ＂Birch - bark Culture＂ is an ancient culture owned by northern hunting nationalities. As a historical phenomenon, the ＂Birch - bark Culture＂ of Oroqen people could regarded as a specific heritage of regional culture. Oroqen people have their own oral language but no written one. They created rich and colorful oral literature and pass it on from generation to generation up to the present day. With rapid economic development, the mountain forest culture of Oroqen people seems to be against grain with the contemporary world. Thus, to preserve this culture intact is not only a defense for culture itself, but also a defense for the marginal people＇ s due fights to inherit and develop their national heritage.