论宋金大曲与金元杂剧音乐构成的相似性

On Similarity of Music Composition between Daqu of the Song and Jin Dynasties and Zaju of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties

大曲是一种合器乐、声乐、舞蹈为一体的大型歌舞曲,从北宋至金代,大曲歌舞除保留有传统的娱神功能外,还世俗化为瓦舍勾栏中叙唱扮演故事的大众伎艺,其音乐构成与后来的金元杂剧存在着鲜明的共性特征:三大部分紧慢急缓的曲乐节奏与金元杂剧同一宫调内的套曲音乐节奏存在着明显的相似性;迎神降神大曲四个宫调的律位关系与金元杂剧四大套最典型的宫调组合相一致;大曲歌舞的演奏乐器亦与金元杂剧的伴奏乐器相仿佛。

Daqu is a comprehensive drama including the instrumental music, the vocal music and dance. From the Northern Song dynasty to the Jin dynasty, besides the traditional function of amusing gods, daqu becomes the populace art of acting story in ancient theatres. There are distinct similarities of music composition between daqu and zaju of the Jin and Yuan dynasties in aspects of music rhythm, temperament combination and accompaniment instrument.