泥石流沟道侵蚀初探

A Study on Debris-flow Gully Erosion

泥石流是广泛分布于我国山区、破坏力极强的山地自然灾害之一,对山区经济发展、人民生命财产安全都有着极大的威胁。泥石流沟道侵蚀作为一种特殊的侵蚀类型,与一般水流相比,其侵蚀作用非常强烈,在一次过程中便可刷深沟床数米甚至数十米。泥石流沟道侵蚀的危害(桥梁、堤防基础暴露等)不亚于泥石流淤积。鉴于目前国内外在泥石流沟道侵蚀研究方面仍处于主要对野外观测资料进行简单分析的现状,对泥石流沟道侵蚀的模式和影响因素进行了探讨,建议今后应着重对泥石流沟道侵蚀动力学过程和机理的研究,建立泥石流沟道侵蚀特征与泥石流运动特征(流速、容重等)参数之间的定量关系。

Debris flow, widely distributed in mountain areas in China, is one of the mountain hazards with great destructive force. It is a severe threat to the economic development and safety of people and property in mountain areas. As a particular type of erosion, the gully erosion effect of debris flow is great relative to water flow. It can down cut the gully bed several meters even several tens of meters in one event. The debris flow gully erosion exposes the foundation of bridge or embankment. Its hazards are not inferior to that of silting. The current research at home and abroad on debris-flow gully erosion is still in the state of simply analyzing the field investigation data. In view of this, the mode and affecting factors of debris-flow gully erosion are studied in this paper. It is suggested that the research on dynamic process and mechanism of debris-flow gully erosion should be strengthened and the quantitative relations between characteristics of debris-flow gully erosion and kinematical characteristics of debris-flow （velocity and density） should be established.