文化民族主义对非物质文化遗产保护的影响

Impact of Cultural Nationalism upon ICH Protection

一般认为,非物质文化遗产保护的提出与全球化有密切关系。综合考察非物质文化遗产的民族性和民族功能及非物质文化遗产先行国家提出遗产保护的时代背景,笔者认为文化民族主义对非物质文化遗产保护的提出也产生了重要影响,它是非物质文化遗产保护先行国家维护民族自信心,确立民族在世界上的地位的手段;是政治和经济失意时,通过文化的自我保护和延续来寻求民族合理地位的一种诉求,是政治追求在文化上的异化。今后文化民族主义对非物质文化遗产保护的影响还将存在,但应该防止非物质文化遗产保护走向两个极端,即文化保守主义和文化霸权主义。

It is generally agreed that the advocacy of ICH protection is closely related to and necessarily resulted from globalization. In view of the nationalist property and function of ICH and the historical background under which ICH protection was proposed by predecessor states, however, this paper argues that nationalism also played an important part therein： it was an indispensable means by which the predecessor states kept their self-confidence and maintained their identities and positions in the world; it has been an appeal for better national statuses via cultural protection and transmission when there were political and/or economic problems in these states, and so it is the cultural mutation of political pursuits. While cultural nationalism will still be affecting the protection of ICH in the future, the two extremes in the latter have to be guarded against, i. e. , cultural conservatism and cultural hegemonism.