北京官厅水库水体中挥发性有机物健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water of Beijing Guanting Reservoir

为研究北京官厅水库水体中挥发性有机物对人体产生的潜在健康危害风险,从9个有代表性的采样点采集水样,用顶空气相色谱法测定了挥发性氯代烃的质量浓度,所检测的5种挥发性氯代烃的质量浓度总量为5.33-97.74 ng/L,同时讨论了其污染水平和分布特点.应用美国环境保护署（US EPA）的健康风险评价方法,对官厅水库水体中挥发性氯代烃通过食入和皮肤接触2种途径进入人体的危害进行了风险计算和初步评价.结果表明：水库中各采样点的非致癌风险和致癌风险均未超标,从位于桑干河八号桥的6号采样点采集的水样中挥发性氯代烃的非致癌风险值达到10^-4数量级,其余采样点的非致癌风险值均在10^-5数量级;各采样点的致癌风险指数远远低于10^-4的数量水平.因此,初步认为目前官厅水库水体中挥发性氯代烃不会对人体产生明显的健康危害.

In order to investigate the health risk to human beings caused by volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Guanting Reservoir, water samples were obtained from nine representative samphng points. The contents of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the water samples were determined by headspace gas chromatography. The total mass concentrations of five volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons were 5.33-97.74 ng/L. Pollution degree and distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Guanting Reservoir were also discussed. Prehminary assessment of the health risks caused by ingestion from drinking water and dermal contact with shower water was performed through a method of US EPA. The results showed that neither the non-carcinogenic risk index nor the carcinogenic risk index of the samples exceeded the acceptable standard. The non-carcinogenic risk index of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in sampling point 6 located in Bahaoqiao of the Sanggan River reached on the order of 10^-4 , while on the order of 10^-5 in other sampling points. The carcinogenic risk index of the volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in all water samples was below 10^-4. Therefore, presently, volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in Guanting Reservoir do not cause obvious health hazards to human beings.