潮间带湿地栖息地功能退化评价方法研究与应用

Studies and Application of an Assessment Model of the Habitat Function Degradation in the Intertidal Wetland

栖息地功能是潮间带湿地重要的生态功能之一.利用景观生态学原理,选择既能较好地反映潮间带栖息地变化,又能敏感地反映海岸带开发影响的有效湿地斑块面积、单位面积湿地斑块数量、植被覆盖率和栖息地复杂性4个指标,建立了潮间带湿地栖息地功能评价模型.在对1954—2000年渤海湾潮间带湿地的动态变化进行分析的基础上,运用潮间带湿地栖息地功能评价模型,对研究区潮间带湿地作了评价.结果表明:以20世纪50年代为基准年,渤海湾潮间带湿地的野生动物栖息地功能指数从0.84下降到0.56,湿地破碎化是其功能退化的主要原因.

Habitat function is one of the most important functions of the intertidal wetland. Based on the theories of landscape ecology, four indices - patch area of effective wetland, number of wetland patches per hectare, percentage of vegetation coverage and habitat complexity - were selected to analyze the habitat function of the intertidal wetland. Moreover, with the four indices, an assessment model of intertidal wetland habitat function was established. To illustrate the application of the model, the changes of the intertidal wetland function in the Bohai Bay from 1954 to 2000 were analyzed and evaluated. The rcsalts indicated that the habitat function index of the Bohai Bay intertidal wetland degraded from 0.84 to 0.56 during this period （taking 1954 as the benchmark）, and wetland utilization was the principal reason for the degradation.