宁夏西吉、海原部分地区鼠疫疫源地调查分析

Analysis of Plague Natural Foci in Areas of Xiji County and Haiyuan County of Ningxia

目的开展宁夏回族自治区西吉县、海原县鼠疫疫源调查,掌握鼠疫疫源状况,制订预防鼠疫的措施。方法在西吉县红耀乡、火石寨乡、白崖乡、西滩乡、偏城乡、马建乡,海原县李俊乡采用鼠疫流行病学、生态学、动物昆虫学、细菌学、血清学等方法进行鼠疫疫源调查。结果共发现小型兽类2目4科6属10种,阿拉善黄鼠为该地区优势种群,平均密度为0.95只/hm2,单公顷最高为3只/hm2,主要分布在海拔1688～2366m的黄土高原亚区干草原地带;野外小型鼠捕获率为0.59%;体外寄生虫发现3目7科12属20种,其中蚤类3科5属8种,方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为优势种,阿巴盖新蚤、细沟双蚤、无规新蚤和禽角叶蚤为常见种,似升额蚤介中亚种、红羊新蚤数量较少。细菌学检验399份,蚤培养161组1120只,血清学检测281份,反向间接血凝检测1份,结果均为阴性。结论细菌学和血清学检验检测虽未发现阳性结果,但经鼠疫流行病学分析,基本具备动物鼠疫流行条件,该地区是否存在鼠疫疫源地有待进一步调查研究。

Objective To develop investigation and master situation of plague foci in Xiji County and Haiyuan County of Ningxia, and formulate the prevention measures. Methods Epidemiologieal investigation on plague, ecology, zoology and entomology, bacteriology and serology were taken to investigated plague loci at Lijun village of Haiyuan County and villages of Hongyao, Huoshizhai, Baiya, Xitan, Piancheng, Majian of Xiji County. Results There were 10 species of small mammals found, belonging to 6 genera in 4 families of 2 orders, and Citellus alaschanicus was dominant population in this area, mainly distributed in steppe of sub - region of loess plateau above 1 688 to 2 366 meters, with the average density of 0.95 ind. /hm^2 and the highest of 3 ind. /hm^2. The capture rate of the small - sized mouse in the field was 0.59% with 20 species of ectoparasites belonging to 12 genera in 7 families of 3 orders. Out of them 8 species was fleas belonging to 5 genera in 3 families, Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus was dominant species, Neopsylla abagaitai, Amphipsylla tenuihana, Neopsylla anoma and Ceratophyllus gallinae were common species. F. elatoides intermedia and Neopsylla hongyangensis were less compared with the other species. There were 399 mice samples carried out bacteriological analysis, 1 120 fleas of 116 groups cultured, 281 samples detected with IHA, and one sample of dead rat tested by RIHA. All of the results were negative. Conclusions Although no positive results are found by bacteriological and serological detection in the areas of investigation, there have been animal plagues epizootics conditions, so further investigation should be carried out to discover whether these areas are plague focus or not.