回商与晋商经营绩效比较研究——1833—1954年包头皮毛行业案例分析

Comparative Research on Business Achievements Between the Hui Merchants and Merchants from Shanxi Province——Analysis to Fur Industry in Baotou of Inner Mongolia (1833—1954)

包头回商与晋商,二者在生存环境、生存手段、经营原则等方面基本相似。但回商与晋商更多的是相异之处。回商由于信用生成时间较短,显然不利于代理人的培养,不能实现经营权与所有权的分离,激励体系的构建也遇到了困难,这些不利因素迫使回商在经营管理过程中在和平时期更多地采取股份制,在战乱时期更多地采取独资制,以小型、灵活的方式与晋商展开竞争,展现了回商群体在艰难环境中的灵活性、协调性,显示出回商强大的生存能力。

The Hui merchants in Baotou and those merchants coming from Shanxi Province in Central China share some similarities in terms of existence environment, existence method aswell as their business principles. Yet, there indeed exists some differences between merchants of the two regions. Owing to short period of credit establishment, the Hui merchants encountered difficulties in terms of rearing commission or establishment of agent business. Thus, for a time the Hui merchant could not realize the goal of separating operation from ownership. Encountered with unfavourable situation, the Hui merchants were forced to adopt the share-holding business system in time of still waters of peace and the exclusive-ownership system in time of wars. Hence, with small-scale business and most flexible methods, the Hui merchants could compete with those merchants from Shanxi Province. This demonstrates the great existence power possessed by the Hui merchants.