文学与伦理学:文学伦理学批评发展的“自由空间”

The "Free Space"of Ethical Literary Criticism

从上世纪90年代至今,文学批评界出现了重理论轻文本的倾向。文学批评成了从理论到理论的空洞说教,忽视了文学作品的伦理价值和审美价值。文学伦理学批评既是历史主义的方法,同时也是现实主义的方法。本文将文学伦理学批评作为一种方法论,一方面对伦理学和文学关系的历史源头进行梳理,从伦理和道德的角度研究文学与作家、文学与读者、文学与社会等关系的种种问题,证明文学伦理学批评的提出具有学理上的创新意义,文学的伦理价值是文学审美价值的前提;另一方面通过对文学伦理学批评发展的现实性讨论,认为文学伦理学批评在全球化语境下的纵深发展可以促进国家和民族间的文化差异在争议和"对话"中实现求同存异,并起到沟通跨文化桥梁的作用。

Since 1990s, there has been a tendency of placing more emphasis on theories rather than texts in the literary critical world. Literary criticism has become a theoretical sermon of inanition, with the ethical and aesthetic value of literary works neglected. Ethical literary criticism is both a historical and realistic approach. With the methodology of ethical literary criticism, this paper traces back the historical origin of the relations between literature and society, proves that the proposition of ethical literary criticism has its doctrinal innovative significance, and reaches the conclusion that the ethical value is the premise of the aesthetic value in literature. On the other hand, through the realistic discussion on the development of ethical literary criticism, this article states that in the context of globalization, furthering the development of ethical literary criticism prompts nations of different cultures to seek common ground while reserving differences, and that ethical literary criticism does play a communicative role in functioning as a cross-culture bridge.