不同身份者共同身份犯罪的定罪

Conviction of Non-Status in the Joint Offence

非身份者与有身份者,即混合主体共同实施身份犯罪,在古今中外的刑法中皆有所规定。现阶段,我国关于混合主体身份犯罪有着各种不同的认识,主要集中在非身份者的身份犯罪主体资格符合问题上。尽管刑法分则中,纯正身份犯以有特定身份者为犯罪主体,非身份者不能构成;但是分则的构成要件在非身份者与有身份者共同实施纯正身份犯罪时,应将非身份者与有身份者从总体考察,非身份者可以在与有身份者共同实施身份犯罪时成为纯正身份犯的犯罪主体。对于混合主体身份犯罪的具体定罪,要本着"特殊优于一般为原则,重法优于轻法为补充"的理念来处理。

The Criminal Law strictly defines the offence committed by both non-status and status.Nowadays,views are divided regarding whether or not the non-status is liable as the offence subject.This paper argues that non-status can be convicted as the subject of the offence,and it proposes the governing principle shall be the specialized law instead of the general one and heavy penalty rather than light one.