由练习到运动：步行训练的物理治疗趋势

From exercise to sport: Tendency of walking training in physical therapy

物理治疗师管理因神经系统疾病导致的步行功能障碍的物理治疗需要从传统的或"包装"的办法转向更为集中和积极的治疗方法,通过积极的运动、生活方式的调整和移动性增强装置来促进功能的恢复。运动疗法已被证明会带来更大的身心健康,且会增加其他方面的功能,如认知的表现。而且最近的研究更证明了其可以促进中枢神经系统损伤患者的神经和功能恢复。尽管一定强度的练习项目,如力量训练等带来的好处已越来越被充分证实,但只有少数的普通运动疗法项目的正性疗效研究被应用于患有神经系统疾病的个体。在神经物理治疗领域,目前更多有关运动疗法的研究项目正在进行,并将越来越多地被证明在临床中取得满意疗效。

The paradigm for physical therapist management of nervous system disorder needs to shift from traditional or ＂packaged＂ approaches to a more focused and proactive approach of promoting activity through more intense active training protocols, lifestyle modifications, and mobility-enhancing devices. Increased motor activity has been shown to lead to better physical and mental health, in addition, to augment other aspects of functioning, such as cognitive performance, and more recently has been shown to promote neural and functional recovery in people with damaged nervous systems. Although the benefits of fairly intense physical exercise programs such as strength training are becoming increasingly well recognized, few studies on the positive effects of generalized activity programs have been conducted in individuals with nervous system disorder. But in physical therapy, more research is needed and it is currently under way to design and test the more efficacies of activity-based strategies in nervous system disorder.