叶面施肥对南方红豆杉针叶中紫杉醇和10-DAB含量的影响

Impacts of leaf fertilizer application on taxol and 10-DAB contents in the needles of cultivated Taxus chinensis var. mairei

人工栽培红豆杉已成为目前解决紫杉醇市场需求的主要途径,如何提高人工栽培的红豆杉中紫杉醇及其化学半合成前体10-脱酰基巴卡丁Ⅲ(10-DAB)的含量是一个十分关键的问题。对人工栽培南方红豆杉叶面喷施不同浓度的N、K、Ca、Mg肥和自行配置的稀土混合肥(含La、Ce、Sm),连续4次跟踪采样,超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定样品中紫杉醇和10-DAB的含量。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度的N元素均引起红豆杉针叶中紫杉醇和10-DAB含量的降低;喷施K元素,前期引起10-DAB含量的增加但随之降低,紫杉醇的含量则持续降低;喷施不同浓度的Ca、Mg提高了红豆杉中紫杉醇和10-DAB的含量,其作用可持续一段时间;自行配置的稀土混合肥明显地提高了紫杉醇和10-DAB的含量且其持续作用时间较长,紫杉醇和10-DAB的含量分别最高可达0.261mgg-1和0.641mgg-1。

Extraction of taxol from needles and branches of cultivated Taxus chinensis var. mairei is currently a major approach to meet the market demand for taxol, but the key concern is how to increase taxol and its precursor （ 10-deacetyl- baccatinⅢ ） （10-DAB） contents in cultivated T. chinensis. Nutrient solutions of N, K, Ca and Mg, and self-developed rare-earth fertilizer mixture containing La, Ce and Sm were used to treat the needle of 3-year-old T. chinensis at different concentrations, the needle samples were collected sequentially by the following three months, and the samples were measured for taxol and 10-DAB with UPLC. Results showed that the taxol and 10-DAB contents declined following the application of N fertilizer at all concentrations ; spraying of K fertilizer resulted in the increase in the 10-DAB content in the first two samplings followed by reduction in the later two samplings, while the taxol contents were decreased across all samplings. Spraying of Ca and Mg increased the taxol and 10-DAB contents with a prolonged effect, while the effect of self- developed fertilizer mixture was stronger with the highest taxol and 10-DAB contents reaching 0. 261 mg g^-1 and 0.641mgg^-1.