不同林龄马尾松冠层节肢动物群落组成和结构

Composition and structure of canopy arthropods in young and old Pinus massoniana stands

自2006年5月至9月,采用枝条套袋取样技术对浙江省舟山市松材线虫病疫区内马尾松Pinus massoniana幼龄林和老龄林冠层节肢动物群落的组成和时空结构进行了研究,结果表明:幼树上冠层节肢动物的物种数显著高于老龄树,但老龄树冠层的节肢动物个体数量显著高于幼树。马尾松幼树的主要种类有松墨天牛Monochamus alternatusHope、松大蚜Cinara pinitabulaeformisZhang et Zhang、微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella Hampson、纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda L.、松沫蝉Aphrophora flavipesUhler等。老龄树的主要种类有松墨天牛、松大蚜、浙江黑松叶蜂Nesodiprion zhejiangensisZhou et Xiao、松叶小卷蛾Epinotia rubiginosana(Herrich-Schaffer)等。供调查的马尾松树上冠层节肢动物共有13目49科98种,共计4218个个体。其中,幼树12目40科66种,共计1584个个体;老龄树12目39科74种,共计2634个个体。比较节肢动物在不同林龄马尾松冠层的时空结构表明,幼树冠层结构更有利于节肢动物的栖居,因此应加强对老龄树的抚育管理。

From May to September 2004, the composition and structure of arthropods in the canopy of young and old stands of Pinus massoniana were studied in the epidemic region of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus located in Zhoushan city, Zhejiang Province. The technique of branch bagging was used. The results show that the number of arthropod species was significantly higher in the canopy of young stands than in that of old stands, but the actual number of arthropods was much higher in the canopy of the old stands. The major species in the canopy of young stands included Monochamus alternatus Hope, Cinara pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang, Dioryctria rubella Hampson, Tomicus piniperda L., Aphrophora flavipes Uhler and others. In the canopy of old stands, the predominant species were Monochamus alternatus Hope and Cinara pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang as well as Nesodiprion zhejiangensis Zhou et Xiao and Epinotia rubiginosana （ Herrich- Sch^fffer）, which, to a lesser extent, also occurred in the canopy of young stands. A total of 4218arthropods, representing 98 species which belong to 49 families and 13 orders, was found in the samples, pooled from both the young and old stands. Of these, a total of 1584 arthropods, representing 66 species belonging to 40 families and 12 orders, was found in the canopy of young stands and 2634 arthropods from 74 species belonging to 39 families and 12 orders were found in the old stands. The structure of the arthropod community in the canopy of both types of stands was also compared in spatial and temporal terms which showed that the structure of young trees was more suitable than that of old trees for harboring arthropods, which suggests that the tending of old trees should be strengthened.