南充高坪机场土壤及草丛动物群落特征和鸟类的关系

Relationship between soil and grassland fauna characters and birds at Gaoping airport,Nanchong

机场鸟类是机场安全的重大隐患,减少机场附近鸟类数量是机场安全至关重要的一环。2007年4～12月,对南充高坪机场3种生境土壤动物和草丛动物群落组成、数量和季节性变化特征进行了初步的研究。调查共获得土壤动物25类,其中蜱螨目、原尾目、线虫纲为土壤动物群落优势类群,占年总捕获量的71.88%;常见类群有弹尾目、线蚓科、腹足纲、膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、蚯蚓、蜘蛛目,直翅目9类,占总捕获量的22.84%。地表草丛动物21类,其中半翅目、蜘蛛目、双翅目、腹足纲为地表草丛动物的优势类群,占年捕获量的65.7%;常见类群有直翅目、鞘翅目、同翅目、膜翅目、鳞翅目、革翅目、弹尾目7类,占总捕获量的31.2%。将土壤动物群落、草丛动物群落与肉食性鸟类进行相关分析,结果显示土壤动物群落变化与肉食性鸟类群落之间有一定关系;草丛动物数量与肉食性数量鸟类呈现一定正相关性,机场肉食性鸟类数量与直翅目数量呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.910,P=0.032)。结合机场区域鸟类食性观察、分析,直翅目、腹足纲动物是机场肉食性鸟类数量的主要捕食对象,通过定期割草、消除腐草和杂物、喷洒农药控制地表草丛动物是减少机场区域肉食性鸟类数量的有效方法和途径。

Birds at airports are usually responsible for air accidents, and decreasing number of birds around airports is commonly argued to ensure safety of aircrafts. We examined composition, quantity and seasonal variation of soil and grassland fauna communities in three habitats at Gaoping Airport, through ecological investigation during April- December 2007, and conducted a preliminary correlation analysis between the soil or grassland fauna and the birds. Totally, 25 groups of soil fauna were found, of which, Aearina, Protura and Nematoda were the main ones, constituting 71.88% of the yearly total catches. In addition, common groups included Collembola, Enchytraeidae, Gastropoda, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Earthworm, Araneae and Orthoptera, making up 22.84% of the total. 21 groups of grassland fauna inhabited the airport, of which, Hemiptera, Araneae, Diptera and Gastropoda were dominant, making up 65.7% of the total catches. Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Dermaptera and Collembola were common, too. Correlation analysis found a significant relationship in variation between soil fauna, glassland fauna and raptor. The abundance of Orthoptera was positively correlated with number of raptors （ Pearson correlation analysis, r = 0. 910, P = 0. 032）. Orthoptera and Gastropoda were the main foods for raptors, contributing to the increased raptors. Reducing grass height, removing plant remains and garbage, and using pesticide to control density of grassland fauna were recommended to decrease number of raptor birds around the airport