基于生理生态过程的大麦顶端发育和物候期模拟模型

A process-based simulation model on apical development and phenological stages in barley:model description

为改进已有的大麦生理发育时间模拟模型(YDmodel),以扬州地区5个品种春播条件下的顶端发育和物候发育观测资料和历史资料为依据,构建了基于生理发育时间的顶端发育和物候期机理模型。模型量化了热效应、光周期、春化效应对发育的影响,引入了7个遗传参数,分别为播种到出苗所需的有效积温、灌浆期发育基点温度、生理春化时间、临界日长、光周期反应起始点、最短苗穗期、最短灌浆期。本模型在YDmodel基础上的改进主要有3点:(1)将每日生理发育时间的增量乘以水肥丰缺因子,改为除以水肥丰缺因子表现水肥对大麦发育的影响,客观体现了大麦在水肥丰缺条件下的发育延迟或提早现象;(2)将三段线性函数改为非线性函数表达春化效应和相对热效应,确立了不同品种相对春化效应和相对热效应的曲线族;(3)将线性函数改为正弦函数表达不同品种光周期效应。经测算,各大麦品种到达单棱期、二棱期、雌雄蕊分化期、药隔形成期、雌蕊柱头二裂分叉期、雌蕊柱头毛状突起期等顶端发育阶段的生理发育时间分别为2.6、5.6、11.3、13.1、15.3、18.2、28.7d,到达出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期等主要物候期的生理发育时间为0、13.1、28.7、32.8、51.5d,形成了不同大麦品种在不同气候和栽培条件下统一的衡量发育的定量尺度。

To modify the original physiological development time （PDT） model （YDmodel）, a new model （BarleyGrow） was developed based on the data from Yangzhou field experiment on five eultivars at spring sowing date. Three processes （ thermal effectiveness, photoperiod and vernalization） were quantified and used to create the model. Seven parameters were used in the model included accumulated temperatures from sowing to germination （ GDDo ） , basic temperatures in filling period （Tbmax）, physiological vernalization times （PVT）, cri （PPs） , minimum times from emergence to heading （EHmin） we had several important differences compared to the YDmodel both water and nitrogen was used to estimate the effect of en tical day lengths （DLc）, start times of photoperiod response and from heading to maturity （FDmin）. With this method, First, the ratio of daily increment of PDT and the deficit of vironment （ instead of their product）. Second, a nonlinear function was adopted to sinusoidal function was describe vernalization and thermal effectiveness used to describe photoperiod curve cluster for （ instead of three-stage linear function）. Third, different cuhivars （instead of linear function ）. Physiologically, our model estimated 2.6 days to reach the single ridge stage, 5.6d to the double ridge stage, 11.3d to the stamen and pistil initiation stage, 13. ld to the anther separation stage, 15.3d to the pollen mother cells stage and 18.2d to the tetrad stage. Phenologically, estimations were 13. ld to reach the jointing stage, 28.7d to the heading stage, 32.8d to the grain filling stage and 51.5d to the maturity stage. PDT was consequently used as a unified scale for measuring developmental progress of different cuhivars under different climates and cultural practices.