旅游景观生态系统格局:概念与空间单元

Preliminary research on patterns of the tourism landscape ecosystem:concept and spatial units system

旅游景观生态系统作为一个复杂的自然-人文生态系统,内部的人地关系区别于一般景观生态系统,但现有的格局研究难以反映。基于景观生态学与空间结构理论,在已有研究基础上,提出旅游景观生态系统格局的概念,并构建空间单元体系。首先,旅游景观生态系统格局可理解为旅游者的活动作用于系统地域范围所形成的空间分异与组织形式;其次,旅游景观生态系统格局的空间单元可划分为斑块、廊道和基质,其中斑块由节点与域面组成。旅游景观生态系统格局理论提出的目的是通过旅游者空间分布状况的分析,反映系统内部要素之间相互作用过程的空间差异。这一理论的提出有助于推动景观格局与生态过程研究的深入,并能为区域旅游业发展的空间协调管理提供理论支持。

Tourism landscape ecosystem is a territorial complex which is formed by the interactions between tourists, residents and their circumjacent environments. There are a series of human-nature relational differences between the tourism landscape ecosystem and the general landscape which the current pattern studies do not reflect. Based on the theory of landscape ecology and spatial structure, this paper proposes a conceptual theory that considers two elements ： （1） the pattern of the tourism landscape ecosystem and （2）the spatial units system. （ 1 ） The aim of studying the patterns of the tourism landscape ecosystem is to realize the spatial heterogeneity of the interactions between these elements. Because the spatial structure of tourist activity is restricted and shaped by the natural environment and local residents, the pattern study should be based on the tourist structure. In addition, we can find out that the characteristics of tourist activity are centralization at larger scales and diffusion at smaller scales. （2） Based on the above analysis, the spatial units system of the tourism landscape is summarized as patch, corridor and matrix in this study. Patch is the nonlinear spatial unit of tourists＇ convergent distribution inside the tourism landscape ecosystem. Corridor is a linear tourism activity space and an important carrier for the tourists＇ centralization and diffusion in the tourism landscape ecosystem. Matrix is the background ecosystem where patches and corridors lie. Patch is composed of the node and activity area. Node is a nonfigurative point in space where tourism activity is the most convergent and robust whereas activity area is the area where tourists surround a single node. This study proposes to reflect spatial distributions. The pattern the spatial difference within the human-nature reciprocity process by analyzing tourist of the tourism landscape ecosystem will be helpful for the further study of landscape patterns and ecological processes, and can provide a foundation for the spatial management of regional tourism industry development.