应用微卫星多态分析青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalski(Kessler))六个野生群体的遗传多样性

Microsatellite variation analysis of genetic diversity in six wild populations of naked common carp [Gymnocypris przewalski(Kessler)]

青海湖裸鲤是青海湖唯一的经济鱼类,由于湖区生态环境的恶化,使得该鱼种群数量越来越稀少。2004年中国环境发展国际合作委员会在《中国物种红色名录》中,将其列为濒危物种。研究利用生物素-磁珠富集法获得10个具有多态的微卫星分子标记,检测6个野生裸鲤群体:布哈河群体、沙柳河群体、哈尔盖河群体、泉吉河群体、黑马河群体、淡水系群体的遗传多样性。结果表明:每个座位上的等位基因数为2～8个,大小在161～486bp之间。有效等位基因数在1.00～5.45个,平均多态信息含量分别为0.3642、0.4044、0.3830、0.4047、0.3869和0.3940,无偏观测杂合度的平均值在0.4145～0.5105之间,说明这几个群体属于中度多态,遗传多样性水平较高。根据群体间的遗传距离和遗传相似系数发现,布哈河群体与淡水系群体之间的遗传距离最大(DA=0.1607),哈尔盖河群体与泉吉河群体之间的遗传距离最小(DA=0.0125)。由UPGMA聚类图可知:哈尔盖河和泉吉河两个群体聚为一个分支,布哈河、沙流河、黑马河和淡水系4个群体聚为另一个分支。

Naked common carp （ Gymnocypris przewalski） is the only one economic fish endemic to the Qinghai Lake. Recent years, the number of naked common carp has decreased dramatically due to over fishing and deteriorated habitat. In 2004, this fish was listed in China Species Red List as one of endangered species. In this study, we utilized ten polymorphemic microsatellite makers to detect the genetic diversities of six wild populations, abbreviated as BHH, SLH, HEG, QJH, HMH and DSX. Basic data statistics showed that the observed alleles per locus was 2 --8 alleles with size ranges of 161 --468 bp, the number of effective alleles （Ne） ranged from 1.00 to 5.45, the observed heterozygosity （Ho） from 0. 4145 to 0. 5105, and the polymorphic information contents （PIC） from 0. 383 to 0. 4047, respectively. Obviously, the above-mentioned data showed a relatively higher genetic diversity in naked common carp. In addition, the data of genetic similarity and distance showed that there was little differentiation between populations HEG and QJH （DA = 0. 0125 ）. The genetic distance was further between populations BHH and DSX （DA = 0. 1607）. The UPGMA phylogenetic tree showed populations HMH and QJH clustered into one group, and the other four populations converged into the other group