上海市儿童血铅水平及其影响因素的流行病学研究

An epidemiological survey on blood lead level and high risk factors for lead poisoning of children in Shanghai

目的了解上海地区１～６岁儿童血铅水平现状及其影响因素。方法采用严格质量控制的流行病学研究方法，于１９９７年８～９月对上海地区１９６７例３个月～６岁儿童进行血铅水平测定，并对其个人情况及家庭生活环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果儿童血铅水平均数为９６μｇ／Ｌ（１μｇ／Ｌ＝０．００４８３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），其中高于目前国际公认的儿童铅中毒诊断标准１００μｇ／Ｌ的比例是３７．８％。儿童血铅水平存在显著的地域差异，工厂密集的杨浦区最高，地处海岛、以农业为主的崇明县最低，两地区均数分别为１１２μｇ／Ｌ和８４μｇ／Ｌ；儿童每日在马路上时间长、家庭社会经济状况（ＳＥＳ）差、父亲吸烟数量多、儿童饮用罐头饮料的频度高等是儿童血铅水平升高的主要危险因素。结论目前上海地区儿童血铅水平及儿童铅中毒的流行率已经较高，应该引起高度关注。

Objective To estimate blood lead level of randomly sampled 1 967 children aged 1 — 6 years in Shanghai, and to identify high risk factors for lead poisoning of children. Methods The authors investigated the blood lead levels and 58 potentially related factors of all involved children in Shanghai, using an epidemiological protocol with sophisticated quality control. Results The mean blood lead level was 96 μg/L, and 743 children (37.8%) were found with a blood lead level ≥100 μg/L (the diagnostic criterion of lead poisoning of children). Blood lead level varied with geographic locations. The highest mean blood lead level (112 μg/L) was found in children from Yangpu district, an industrial area, and the lowest (84 μg/L) in children from Chongming county, an island in the Yangtze River. Blood lead levels of children also varied in relation to the time spent on traffic ways, socio economic status, exposure to tobacco smoke and the frequency of drinking canned beverage. Conclusion Blood lead levels of children in Shanghai and the prevalence of lead poisoning were both relatively high, to which enough attention should be paid.