我国成人膳食多样化与营养素摄入充足状态的关系

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY DIVERSITY AND NUTRIENTS ADEQUACY IN CHINESE ADULTS

目的以膳食多样化评分(DDS)为评价指标,了解我国18～59岁城乡居民膳食多样化现状,及其与营养素摄入状态的关系。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中3 d的24 h膳食回顾调查数据,计算膳食多样化总评分(DDS)以及不同食物种类组内DDS,分析与17种营养素摄入充足比(NAR)和平均充足比(MAR)的关系。结果农村地区居民DDS低于城市居民;农村居民膳食中蔬菜多样化分值高于城市,而鱼、蛋、肉、乳及水果DDS较低;我国居民膳食中最易缺失的食物品种是乳制品,其次是水果和鱼类。MAR值随DDS的增加而增加;DDS与MAR显著正相关(r=0.27～0.43),各类食物的组内多样化与MAR亦显著正相关,肉类、蔬菜和豆制品的相关系数分别为0.30、0.25和0.22,肉类食物对MAR的贡献最大。DDS与能量、蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、锌、铁、硒、维生素A、E、C、尼克酸、硫胺素、核黄素的NAR以及NAR-N均显著正相关。结论城市居民膳食多样化程度高于农村,我国城乡居民膳食中最易缺少的食物品种是乳制品;膳食多样化与营养素摄入的充足状态显著相关。

Objective To estimate the diet diversity of adults aged 18-59 years,to understand whether it was associated with nutrients adequacy.Method Using 24 h diet recall data of 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey,the dietary diversity score（DDS） was calculated.The associations between DDS and nutrients adequacy ratio（NAR）,and mean adequacy ratio（MAR） of 17 nutrients were examined.Results Rural residents consumed less diverse diets than urban.Dairy product was the most commonly neglected food group.The average of MAR increased as DDS increased.Rural residents had higher MAR（0.78） than urban（0.75） with the same DDS,and the total number of nutrients with adequacy（NAR-N） was found also higher in rural than in urban.DDS and diversity scores within food groups were correlated with intake of energy and other nutrients positively.The associations of DDS within/across food groups with MAR were positive,with coefficients 0.30,0.25 and 0.22 respectively for meat,vegetable and soy.Meat contributed the most for MAR.DDS was significantly correlated with NAR and NAR-N of energy,protein,fat,Ca,P,K,Zn,Fe,Se,Vitamin A,E,niacin and riboflavin.Conclusion Urban residents consume more diverse foods than rural.Dairy product is the most commonly neglected food group in Chinese diet.DDS can be used as a simple and quick indicator for nutrients adequacy of the diet.