追施沼肥对半干旱地区冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Topdressing Different Amount of Biogas Fertilizer on Photosynthesis Characteristic and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat of Semi-arid Area of China

在大田条件下,用沼肥作追肥,设置10个不同施肥水平,研究其对小麦不同时期叶片光合特性和籽粒产量的影响,结果表明：追肥量15000-30000 kg/hm^2的处理叶绿素含量、光合速率、产量要高于对照以及追施化肥的。追肥量大于30000 kg/hm^2的会抑制小麦的叶绿素的合成和光合速率。沼肥施用量在27000-30000 kg/hm^2,在拔节期和灌浆期叶片叶绿素A、叶绿素B及总含量比不施肥和追施化肥处理有显著的提高,光合速率增加了22.3%-70.8%,叶片水分利用效率增加了30.1%-117.6%,产量提高了20.3%-40.6%,增产效果显著。在半干旱地区中上等肥力的麦田,沼肥作追肥的最佳施肥量应在27000-30000kg/hm^2之间。

In order to study the effect of biogas fertilizer topdressing on photosynthesis characteristic and yield of winter wheat, field experiments were conducted with ten treatment levels according to the amount of biogas fertilizers being dressed. The results showed that the Chl content, photosynthetic rate （Pn） and yield in the level of dressing between 15 000--30 000 kg/hm^2 were higher than those in the control and chemical fertilizer treatments. However, the dressing amount of biogas fertilizer more than 30 000 kg/hm^2 will hinder Chl content and Pn. With the application amount ranged from 27 000 kg/hm^2 to 30 000 kg/hm^2, ChlA, ChlB, and ChlA＋ChlB were increased significantly, Pn was increased by 22.3%-70.8%, the WUE was increased by 30.1%-117.6%, and yield was increased 20.3%-40.6% compared with CK and chemical fertilizer at jointing stage and grain filling stage. The recommended biogas fertilizer application amount is 27 000-30 000 kg/hm^2 for winter wheat in China semi-arid area.