甘肃省旱地全膜双垄沟播技术研究与应用进展

Research and application development for the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows in dry land

系统分析了旱地全膜双垄沟播技术体系的研究阶段、技术创新、应用状况、技术评价和发展前景。结果表明,旱地全膜双垄沟播及其配套技术集覆膜抑蒸、垄面集流、雨水富集于一体,极显著地提高了农田降水保蓄率、利用率和作物水分利用效率,使秋季全覆膜和顶凌全覆膜1 m土壤贮水分别较常规播前半膜平铺增加50.2mm和31.7 mm;降水利用率最高达到75.2%,平均达到70.0%;玉米水分利用效率最高达到37.8 kg/(mm.hm2),平均达到33 kg/(mm.hm2)。从而有效解决了黄土高原旱作农业区玉米等大秋作物因春旱无法播种、出苗的瓶颈,大幅度提高了作物产量,使玉米产量平均达到8 374.5 kg/hm2,增产37.1%。

Analysis is made of research stages, technical innovation, application status, technology assessment and potential development of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment fur-rows in the dry land. The results showed that the techniques which integrated film covering, evaporation suppression, runoff catching on ridge surface and rainwater enrichment together increased remarkably field rainfall storage, utilizing rate and corn water use efficiency. Compared with the conventional film mulching cultivation （half flat mulching before sowing）, whole film mulching on double ridges in autumn and early spring increased soil water storage below lm layer by 50.2 mm and 31.7 mm respectively. Meanwhile, the techniques led the highest field rainfall use rate up to 75.2 % with an average of 70.0 %, corn water use efficiency up to 37.80 kg/（mm·hm2） with an average of 33.00 kg/（mm·hm2）, which broke the bottleneck of autumn crops like maize being not sowed and emerged due to spring drought in loess plateau arid area, and increased yield significantly with an average of 8374.5 kg/hm2 by 37.1%, and made a key breakthrough for highly efficient rainwater utilizing techniques in dry land. As a great innovative technology in dryland farming, it had great development prospects by providing technical support not only for Gansu, but also for similar areas at home and abroad.