解释如何才能有效——赫施客观解释学反思

How can the interpretation be valid——Reflections on Hirsch's hermeneutics theories

赫施继承了施莱尔马赫和狄尔泰等传统客观解释学的观点,在其1967年出版的《解释的有效性》中,提出了保卫作者的口号,认为作者对于文本意义的阐释有着制约和导向作用,要求回到作者的意图。文章指出,赫施把文本的意义区分为意义和意味,虽然易于操作,但是有流于简单的嫌疑,忽视了对文学形而上层面的追问,没有看到语言除了具有透明的指称一面,还有遮蔽和伪指性,需要读者的质询、批判和探索。文学文本具有类似对话的思辨结构,它召唤着读者与它进行不断的对话,作者、文本、读者共处在一个相互理解和对话的共同体中,文学意义在对话中生成。

Based on the traditional hermeneutics theories given by Schleiermacher and Dihhey, E. D. Hirsch, in his book Validity in Interpretation （1967） , put forward a new theory in which the author＇s intent was highly emphasized. He firmly believed that the author plays a restrictive and guided role coneerning the interpretation of literary text, and he posed ＂meaning＂ and ＂significance＂ in terms of distinguishing text meanings. But Hirsch ignored the fact that readers also play a very important role with regards to the successful text interpretation. Indeed, literary text is very similar to a conversation in whieh reader＇s participation is also required. And literary text interpretation can be produced only when the author and his readers carry on an effective mutual communication through the text.