学前儿童焦虑量表中文版的测量学分析

Psychometric Analysis of Preschool Anxiety Scale in Chinese Culture

目的:考察Spence学前儿童焦虑量表在中国的适用性。方法:以学前儿童焦虑量表和儿童行为量表为评估工具,让607名母亲报告3-6岁儿童的焦虑与行为问题。结果:各项目与分量表的相关为0.50～0.78。总量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.87,分半信度和重测信度分别为0.83、0.70。各分量表得分和总分与CBCL中的内化和外化问题得分均呈显著正相关,且与内化问题的相关程度高于与外化问题的相关程度。综合探索性和验证性因素分析的结果发现,我国学前儿童的焦虑结构包括广泛性焦虑、躯体伤害恐惧、社交恐惧、强迫-冲动障碍和分离焦虑5个因子,解释总方差的45.81%,各题项在所属因子的因素负荷为0.35～0.86,五因子对焦虑数据的拟合指数均大于0.90。结论:Spence学前儿童焦虑量表可用于评估我国学前儿童的焦虑症状。

Objective： To evaluate the applicability of Preschool Anxiety Scale in Chinese culture. Methods： The anxi- ety and behaviors of 607 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years from Jinan were tested with the method of mother-report by Preschool Anxiety Scale and CBCL. Results： Correlations between each item and its subscale ranged from 0.50～0.78. Cronbach＇s α coefficient, the split-half reliability coefficient and test-retest coefficient of the scale were 0.87, 0.83, and 0.70 respectively. Significant correlations were found between subscales of Preschool Anxiety Scale and CBCL. The results of both exploratory and confirpaatory factor analyses indicated 5-factor model （generalized anxiety, fears of physical injury, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and separation anxiety） representing the structure of preschoolers＇ anxiety, accounting for 45.81% of the variance; the loading of each item on its hypothesis factor ranged from 0.35-0.86, and fit indexes of the model to data all exceeded 0.90. Conclusion： Preschool Anxiety Scale is found to have acceptable psycho metric properties, and applicable to assess anxiety syndrome of Chinese preschoolers.