儿童气质、父母养育方式与儿童良心的关系

Relation of Children's Temperament and Parenting Style with Children's Conscience

目的:考察儿童气质,父母养育方式与儿童良心之间的关系。方法:用儿童行为问卷(CBQ)、父母养育方式问卷(CRPR)和儿童良心问卷(CCQ)对625名3～6岁儿童的父母进行了测查。结果:①儿童性别、年龄、气质等个体因素能够显著预测其良心水平。具体来说,女孩的内疚情感和内化行为水平要显著高于男孩,年长儿童的内疚情感和内化行为水平显著高于年幼儿童;儿童努力控制的气质特点能够显著正向地预测其内疚情感和内化行为,外向性对内疚情感和内化行为具有负向预测作用;消极情绪对内疚情感具有正向预测作用,而对内化行为具有负向预测作用。②母亲养育方式中的关心与控制维度能显著正向预测儿童的内疚情感,母亲控制对儿童的内化行为具有显著正向预测作用;而母亲惩罚对儿童的内化行为具有显著的负向预测作用。结论:儿童气质、性别和年龄等个体特点对其良心具有直接作用,不同的气质特点对其良心具有不同的作用。母亲养育方式对儿童良心也具有直接预测作用,母亲的关心和控制对儿童良心的发展具有促进作用,而惩罚则具有消极作用。父亲养育方式对儿童良心的直接作用不明显。

Objective： The current research aims at exploring the relationship of children＇s temperament and parenting style with children＇s conscience. Methods： 625 parents were required to reported parenting style and temperament about their three to six years old children on children＇s behavior questionnaire and the child-rearing practice report. Results： （1）Children＇ s gender, age and temperament had significant predicting effect on their conscience. Girls＇ scores of guilt and internalized conduct were higher than boys＇. The conscience＇s scores of elder children were higher than younger children＇s. Guilt and internalized conduct could be positively predicted by children＇s temperament of effortful control, but negatively predicted by extroversion. Negative effect could positively predict guilt, and negatively predict internalized conduct. （2）Mother＇s concern and control could positively predict children＇s guilt, mother＇s control could positively predict children＇s internalized conduct, and mother＇s punishment could negatively predict children＇s internalized conduct, while father＇s parenting style could not predict children＇s conscience. Conclusion： Temperament, gender and age of children has directly effect on their conscience; different temperaments have different effect on conscience, Mother＇s parenting style is also a predictor of children＇s conscience, mother＇s concern and control have positive effect on children＇s conscience, but punishment has negative effect on children＇s conscience. Father＇s parenting style doesn＇t predict children＇s conscience.