近红外光谱技术在饲草分析中的应用现状及展望

Application and Prospect of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Forage Analysis

饲草是畜牧业生产的物质基础,饲草质量的好坏直接关系到畜产品质量的好坏。控制饲草质量、检测饲草原料的成分是饲草生产中非常重要的一环。近红外光谱技术是20世纪70年代发展起来的一项高效、快速的现代分析技术。它综合运用了计算机技术、光谱技术和化学计量学等多个学科的最新研究成果,以其独特的优点在多个领域得到了广泛的应用。尽管NIRS技术在饲草分析上的应用起步较晚,但越来越被人们所重视。目前,近红外光谱技术不仅能测定饲草中的水分、粗蛋白、粗纤维和粗脂肪等常规成分,还能测定饲草中的矿物质、微量元素和酶类等非常规成分,预测饲草的抗营养成分。而且还可进行饲草的生物学效价评定,从而评定饲草的利用率及营养价值,并能分析草地的植物组成和饲草的茎叶比例。文章综合阐述了近红外光谱技术在饲草分析中的应用现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。

Forage was the material basis of animal husbandry production, and its quality is directly related to the quality of animal products. It was very important ot control the forage quality and detect the composition of forage raw materials in forage production. Predication of forage quality was often completed by the traditional and classical methods in the past, which were complex, time consuming and expensive, and could not acquire the nutritional value of forage timely. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was a highly efficient and rapid modern analysis technique developed in 1970＇ s. It comprehensively applied the latest research results of computer technique, spectroscopy and ehemometrics, and has been widely used in various fields owing to its unique advantages such as being timely, less expensive, non-destructive, and so on. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has gained more and more importance though its application to forage analysis was very late. Presently, not only conventional composition （such as moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, etc. ）, but also non-conventional composition （including minerals, trace elements, enzyme and anti-nutritional factors etc. ） and anti-nutritional factors in forage were determined by＂ means of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Testing and analysizing the conventional composition in forage was the traditional applied field of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, a lot of studies of which were done and it has already been one of the standard methods of testing the conventional composition. Forage bioavaibility was also evaluated by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, so as to assess the utilization rate and nutritional value of forage. Moreover, near infrared spectroscopy could be used successfully to predict the botanical composition in grassland and leaf/stem ratios. Near infrared spectroscopy technique and its application and prospect in forage analysis were reviewed in the present paper.