极低出生体重儿脑损伤与脑容量改变研究进展

Studies on Brain Lesions and Brain Volume Changes in infants with Very Low Birth Weight

20世纪60年代以来,伴随着新生儿重症监护技术的推广,极低出生体重儿的生存率得到了显著性提高,外表无严重残障的极低出生体重儿也达到了80%～90%。然而,神经系统的高级功能发育障碍依然存在,极低出生体重儿学龄期认知功能和学习成绩明显低于正常出生体重儿童,即使在智力正常和神经功能缺损不明显的低出生体重儿童中学习障碍也很常见,且这种学习障碍一般要持续到青春期。研究显示,极低出生体重的儿童至青春期甚至成年期仍可见大脑多个部位存在结构性异常,然而,它与脑损伤及脑容量改变的关系尚未明确。

Improvements of neonatal intensive care in the 1960s resulted in substantial improvements in outcomes for very low birth weight infants. 80 to 90 percent of survivors were reported to be free of serious handicaps. However, at school age, very low birth weight children have poorer cognitive function and academic performance than normal birth weight controls. Learning problems at school persist into adolescence and are apparent even in children who have normal intelligence without neurological impairments. We are trying to review about structural abnormalities in a variety of brain regions in later life in very low birth weight individuals.