大辽河流域上游非点源污染输出风险分析

Risk Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Export in Upper Reach of Daliao River Watershed

为了解土地利用的组合方式对氮磷输出的影响,在广泛收集土地利用输出系数的基础上,基于遥感和GIS手段,分析了大伙房水库控制流域内营养物质氮磷的输出风险.结果表明,大伙房水库控制流域非点源污染输出的风险概率比较小,氮素和磷素的风险概率平均为19.31%和8.95%.但在空间分布上差异很大,风险概率高的地方一般在主要的河流附近,沿河流流向延伸.而其它区域的风险概率相对较低.此外,营养物质输出风险随着坡度不同差别比较大,而在行政区内差别不明显.

With the development of point pollution control, non-point source pollution has become an important environmental and water quality management problem. Land cover composition across a watershed is a dominant factor in controlling the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus exported from a watershed. Generally, urban and agricultural land covers are considered as principal sources of excess loads of nitrogen （N） and phosphorous （P） in receiving waters. A well developed literature of nutrient export coefficients by land-cover class was used to model the risk of equaling or exceeding specified levels of nutrient export in drainage basin of Dabuofang Reservoir. The model was applied to about 513 comparatively small watersheds mapped for the drainage basin of Dahuofang Reservoir for environmental analysis and planning. The results suggest that the probabilities of risk are 19.31% and 8.95% for N and P nutrient respectively. As the spatial distribution concerned, risk estimates generally differed with different slope degrees and districts. Risk estimates generally increased from the places where lies near the rivers to the places where are far from the river, but numerous areas of high variability were evident.