贵阳城市污水及南明河中氯霉素和四环素类抗生素的特征

Characteristics of Chloramphenicol and Tetracyclines in Municipal Sewage and Nanming River of Guiyang City,China

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱(UV检测)分析了贵阳城市污水、南明河水和沉积物中氯霉素和四环素类抗生素的特征.结果显示,南北两岸污水中氯霉素、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的平均含量分别为27.0、2.3、11.0、1.1μg.L-1和21.2、2.1、9.5、0.5μg.L-1,其中以氯霉素的污染为主;污水中抗生素的含量呈现明显的季节变化,这与用水量和疾病特点有关.南明河已广泛受到包括农业、养鱼塘、城市污水等来源的抗生素污染,其中城市污水是最重要的来源,受其影响,污水口下游的抗生素污染尤为严重.河水中氯霉素、土霉素和四环素在冬季的含量范围分别在2.1~19.0、ND^3.0、0.8~6.8μg.L-1之间,夏季分别在0.2~1.3、ND^0.03、0.2~0.3μg.L-1之间,金霉素只在冬季检出,含量范围在0.09~0.14μg.L-1之间;沉积物中4种抗生素在冬季的平均含量分别为147.6、76.6、99.2和1.6μg.kg-1;在夏季分别为195.8、89.1、34.4和9.0μg.kg-1.数据表明,河水中抗生素的含量受河水流量及来源特点的影响很大,冬季河水中抗生素的含量明显高于夏季;沉积物中抗生素的季节变化不明显.

The characteristics of chloramphenicol and tetracyclines in municipal sewage and Nanming River of Guiyang City were studied, using solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. The average concentration of chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline in municipal sewage is 27.0, 2.3, 11.0 and 1.1 μg.L-1 at northern outfaU, and 21.2, 2.1, 9.5 and 0.5 μg.L-1at southern ouffall. Nanming River is influenced by many antibiotic sources which include agriculture land, surface waste and municipal sewage, and the municipal sewage is the most important one. The concentration of chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and tetracychne in river water ranges from 2.1 to 19.0μg.L-1 , ND to 3.0 μg.L-1 and 0.8 to 6.8 μg.L-1 in winter, and 0.2 to 1.3 μg.L-1 , ND to 0.03μg.L-1 , 0.2 to 0.3 μg.L-1 in summer. Chlortetracycline was only detected in winter with the concentration range of 0.09 to 0.14 μg.L-1 . The average concentration of the four compounds in sediment is 147.6, 76.6, 99.2 and 1.6μg.L-1 in winter, 195.8, 89.1, 34.4 and 9.0μg.L-1 in summer, respectively. The antibiotics concentration of both river water and sewage shows a seasonal variation.