锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人发中锑、砷和汞的污染特征

Pollution Characteristics of Antimony,Arsenic and Mercury in Human Hair at Xikuangshan Antimony Mining Area and Guiyang City,China

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS),对经过硝酸-高氯酸消解后的锡矿山矿区和贵阳市人体头发样品中重金属锑(Sb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)含量进行分析.结果表明,锡矿山矿区人体头发中Sb、As、Hg平均含量分别为15.9、4.21、1.79μg/g,贵阳市人体头发中Sb、As、Hg平均含量分别为0.532、0.280、0.338μg/g.锡矿山矿区人体头发中Sb、As、Hg含量明显高于贵阳市人体头发中相应元素的含量.通过独立样本的t检验发现,Sb、As在锡矿山矿区和贵阳市两地男性人体发样中和女性人体发样中含量不具显著差异(p>0.05);Hg在锡矿山矿区男性和女性人体头发中含量差异不显著(p>0.05),而在贵阳市则男性人体头发样品中Hg含量显著高于女性(p<0.05).人发中重金属As与Sb、As与Hg含量之间有较明显的相关性,Sb与Hg含量之间不具有显著相关性(p≤0.01).研究结果说明,锑矿开采和冶炼区域重金属Sb、As、Hg对人体健康的危害明显比非锑矿开采区域相应的重金属对人体健康的危害严重.

The concentration levels of antimony, arsenic and mercury in human hair collected from Xikuangshan antimony mining area and Guiyang City were determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry after having been digested by nitric acid and perchloric acid.The contents of Sb,As and Hg are 15.9, 4.21, 1.79 μg/g in the samples from Xikuangshan antimony mining area and 0.532, 0.280, 0. 338 μg/g in the samples from Guiyang City respectively. The contents of Sb, As and Hg in human hair of Xikuangshan antimony area are much higher than those of Guiyang City. The independent-samples t-test shows that there are no marked differences in the contents of Sb and As between male and female hair samples from both Xikuangshan antimony mining area and Guiyang City （p 〉 0.05 ）, while Hg contents in male hair are apparently higher than those in female hair from Guiyang City （p 〈 0.05 ）. There is positive correlation observed between As and Sb, as well as between As and Hg, while Sb ：is weakly correlated with Hg（p ≤ 0.01 ）. These results show that the heavy metals （Sb, As and Hg） in antimony mining area may significantly affect human health than in the un-mining areas.