鸡粪堆肥处理对重金属形态的影响

Speciation Change of Heavy Metals During Composting Process of Chicken Manure

选用鸡粪和玉米秸秆作为堆肥原料,进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了堆肥处理对鸡粪中重金属形态的影响.结果表明,堆肥过程中,堆料的总质量下降,重金属含量相对增加,但绝对量变化不明显,因此堆肥处理并不能减少堆肥体系中重金属的绝对量.但对重金属形态有一定的影响,Ni、Cd的铁锰氧化物结合态比例提高了5.0%～8.7%;Cu的有机结合态比例增加达到14.1%～19.1%,Cr的有机结合态比例增加达到22.0%～28.7%;Hg、Pb、As、Zn的残渣态比例均有不同程度提高.Hg、Pb、Cr、As、Cu和Zn等6种元素的稳定形态比例均有所上升,其中Cu的上升幅度最大,最高达到10.9%,说明堆肥处理能够降低重金属的生物活性和毒性.所添加的复合菌剂对鸡粪中重金属形态未有显著影响.

In high-temperature and aerobic condition, speciation of heavy metals were studied during composting process of chicken manure and maize straw. The results showed that total weight of composting material was reduced and content of heavy metals was increased during composting process. No significant changes were fotmd in total amount of heavy metals during composting process. The speciation of heavy metals could be affected significantly by composting. Ni and Cd＇s percentages of Fe-Mn oxides fraction increased by 5.0%-8.7%. Cu and Cr＇s percentages of organic fraction were increased by 14.1%-19.1% and 22.0%-28.7%, respectively. Hg, Pb, As, Zn＇s percentages of residual fraction were increased by different extents. Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, and Zn＇s percentages of stable fraction all increased. The increasing range of Cu was the highest, which was 10.9%. Composting could reduce the biological activity and toxicity of heavy metals. The inoculating complex microbial strains had no significant influence on the speciation of heavy metals in chicken manure.