云南直苴彝族“赛装”与“串姑娘”的民俗文化

On the Culture of "Costumes Contest" and "Dating Custom" of the Yis at Zhizuo Village of Yunnan Province

源于纪念祖先的"赛装"活动,流传至今演变为展示女性智慧与美及其劳动效率的民俗。保持至今的"串姑娘"习俗,历史上曾经作为婚姻的一个特殊阶段普遍存在于直苴彝族的世俗生活中。从"赛装"和"串姑娘"的行为中,可以发现前者代表了物质资料的生产,后者代表了人类自身的生产,两种生产高度浓缩于这两个看似孤立的文化特质中。从本质上讲,"赛装"、"串姑娘"是手段,追求生产和生育的效用最大化才是其最终目的。这两个文化特质反映了两种产生在直苴特殊历史与现实环境条件下特有的运行机制。

＂ Costumes Contest＂ dating back to the ancestors of the Yis at Zhizuo Village of Yunnan Province has developed into a custom which embodies the wisdom and beauty and production efficiency of the Yi women while ＂Dating Custom＂ which was a special stage of their marriage custom has survived today. A study of the two customs reveals that the former represents material production while the latter represents the reproduction of mankind. Though the two customs seem separate, they are the same means for the final goal of obtaining the maximum efficiency of production and reproduction, and reveal the cultural traits of their operation mechanism under special histories and conditions.