论陶行知生活教育理论的政治学背景

The Political Background of Tao Xingzhi's Theory of Life Education

对陶行知的民主主义和教育救国思想的解读,关系到对他的生活教育理论的政治学背景的解读,是"陶行知与现代化"这一课题不能回避的问题。剖析陶行知民主思想的实质内涵,应从他的自由观和平等观入手,而不应从改良主义、教育救国论的政治定性入手。陶行知是温和的国民性决定论者。他的民主观是以进步的、进化的发展观为基础的。生活教育理论是陶行知的现代化方案的一部分,也是他的民主主义方法论的一部分。生活教育理论要解决的根本问题,是"人上人"的"价值观"所造就的国民性不能适应民主生活的问题。

The interpretation of Tao Xingzhi＇s thought of democracy and education salvation is related to the interpretation of the political background of his life education theory. The essence of Tao Xingzhi＇s democracy thought should be analyzed from his freedom and equality, rather than from the political qualitative view of education reformism and education salvation. Tao＇s democracy view is based on progressive and evolving development view. The theory of life education is a part of Tao Xingzhi＇s modernization scheme and also a part of his methodology of democracy. The fundamental problem that life education theory aims to solve is the inadaptability to democratic life caused by the national character of hierarchy value.