江西建于唐代书院的“发现”、“再发现”、“新发现”

Discovery,Rediscovery and New Discovery of Academies Built in Jiangxi in Tang Dynasty

具有学校功能的书院,有"聚书"、"聚徒讲学"和"习礼"这三个"要件"。乃古代"留意斯文之地方贤士大夫"所为的一种学校模式。其产生的年代曾长期有争议。建于唐代的具有教学功能的书院于二十多年前,在江西已发现有确实的证据。东佳书院(东佳书堂、义门书院)史料的发现,已使书院起始于唐代成为中外教育史学界的共识,而后又发现了多处,如桂岩书院、景星书院、施肩吾书院(石室书堂)、都官书堂等等。近年有人又提到了丰城的罗山书院、进贤的栖贤书院亦建于唐代,然而这两所书院当时(唐代)是否已具有学校性质尚待证实。

Academies has the function of the school and has three essential elements： collection of books, giving lectures to apprentice, and learning rites. Its appearing time is still controversial. There was conclusive evidence in Jiangxi over 20 years ago for academies built in Tang Dynasty with the function of teaching. The discovery of Dongjia Academy has made the starting era of academies as a consensus. Later, there were discoveries such as Guiyan, Jingxing Academy, Shijianwu Academy and Duguan Academy etc. In recent years, somebody mentioned two Academies built in Tang Dynasty： Luoshan Academy in Fengcheng, and Xixian Academy in Jinxian. However, whether the two academies had already had the nature of the school remains to be further explored.