基于Landsat数据的新疆和田地区植被覆盖变化研究

Study on the Dynamic Change of Oasis Vegetation Cover by Landsat Data in Hetian District,Xinjiang Province

基于区域尺度的荒漠-绿洲植被覆盖变化在干旱区生态环境演变中具有重要的价值,选择干旱区典型荒漠-绿洲——新疆和田地区为研究区域,利用该地区1973年5月、1990年6月和2000年6月3个时段的Landsat遥感影像数据(MSS、TM、ETM+),并结合气象数据,通过土地利用类型转移矩阵,对该区域绿洲植被覆盖面积和时空格局变化进行分析,并结合政策、人口等因素对其驱动因子进行研究。结果表明:在整个研究时期内,绿洲内的林地、耕地和水域面积呈现先减少后增加的趋势,由于受雪山融水供给的影响,该地区水域变迁幅度较剧烈;受到全球气候变暖的影响,和田地区气温呈现稳定增加的趋势,而降水呈现先增加后减少的趋势。气候变化和人类活动已经而且还将对和田地区的植被产生重要的影响。

The research on oasis vegetation cover change which based on the regional scale is very important for arid enviromnent. This paper aimed to narrate the regulations of Hetian oasis vegetation cover dynamic change by using MSS images in 1973,TM images in 1990,ETM images in 21300 and some meteorological data and combining with policies,population and other driving factors. This paper summed up that the proportion of forest,cropland and water body decreased first and increased afterwards. Imquenced by the glacial molt water supplied, the water area changed frequently; influenced by the global wanning, the temperature in Hetian area increased stably and the precipitation increased first and then decreased; climatic change and human activities have already influenced and will continue to intluence vegetation in Hetian area.