1Valerie Meyers, George Orwell. Macmillan, 1991,p.20.
2Alex Zwerdling, Onwell and the Left. Yale, 1978.Richard Rees, George Orwell: Fugitive frorn the Camp of Victory. London: Secker and Warburg,1961.见侯维瑞.《现代英国小说史》，第372页.
3Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of C, George Orwell(CEJL), Vol. Ⅳ, p.502.
4《当代英国文学论文集》.外研社，1996年，第190-191页.
5David Wykes, A Preface to Orwell. Longman, 1987,p.129.
6Alok Rai, Orwell and the Politics of Despair. Cambridge UP, 1988, p.119.
7A.L.Morton, The English Utopia. Lawrence & Wishart Ltd, 1952, p. 11.
8Patrick Reilly, George Orwell : The Age's Adversary.Macmillam, 1986, p.270.
9Calder,Jenni.Open Cadge to Literature:Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-four. Open University Press, Milton Keenness,England, 1987.
10Hall, Sharon K. ed. Twentieth-Gentury Literary Criticism. Detroit:Gale Research Company, Book Tower,1982,15.
