论捻党运动开始与结束的时间

On the Beginning and Ending Time of Nian Party Movement

1855年秋,皖北地区的捻党在亳州雉河集会盟,改变了"居则为民,出则为捻"的特点。盟主张乐行在此期间实行五色和五色镶边旗军制,颁布了军事纪律和具有政治纲领性质的《布告》,捻党由分散的秘密群众团体,转化成为公开反清的农民武装。1855年应成为捻党反清起义转化成为捻军的时间。作为捻党运动,它开始于1809年,结束于1899年,坚持反清斗争90年。

In the autumn of 1855, Nian Party Held meeting in Zhihe Market, Bozhou in the North of Anhui Province. Since then it changed its characteristic that staying at home they are peasants, getting together they would be Nian Army. The leader Zhang Lehang adopted the system of using five color or five colored framed flags, issued the military disciplines and notes with political programs. The Nian Party changed from secret mass organization to the open anti - Qing Dynasty farmers army. So 1855 should be the year when Nian Party changed as the Nian Army. As the Nian Party movement, it began from 1809 and ended in 1899 which lasted about 90 years in fighting against Qing Dynasty.