澳门2005年小学生近视现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence of Myopia and the Influencing Factors Among Primary School Students in Macao in 2005

目的了解澳门小学生近视现况以及影响其近视的主要危险因素,为制订预防近视的相关措施提供参考依据。方法应用分层整群抽样方法,抽取澳门14所小学学生2492名,对所抽取的小学生进行视力检查和危险因素的问卷调查。结果澳门小学生近视患病率为60.4%,轻度近视的构成比为75.9%。女生近视率(63.3%)高于男生(58.0%),高年级学生近视率(69.2%)高于低年级学生(49.0%),中国籍学生近视率(61.9%)高于非中国籍学生(43.6%);"阅读1h没有休息10min"和"每年不进行视力检查"是近视的危险因素。结论澳门小学生近视率较高,以轻度近视为主,影响近视主要原因为外在因素。

Objective To study the prevalence of myopia and the influencing factors among primary school students in Macao so as to formulate relevant policies to prevent myopia. Methods Two thousand four hundred and ninety-two students of 14 primary schools in Macao were recruited. Students were subsequently performed visual examination and were asked to fill in questionnaires, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of myopia was 60.4%. Mild myopia was 75.9%. The myopia positive rate of girls（63.3%） was higher than boys（58.0%）, the myopia positive rate of students from higher grades（69.2%） was higher than the students from lower grades（49.0%）. The myopia positive rate of Chinese students（61.9%） was higher than those foreign students（43.6%）. The risk factors were every hour＇ s reading without a 10 minutes＇ break and no visual examination for students annually. Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia is high among primary school students in Macao, but it is mainly mild myopia. The influencing factors are mainly external factors.