大连市1991-2005年中小学生死因分析

Analysis of Mortality Among Students During 1991-2005 in Dalian City

目的分析大连市区中小学生死亡原因及趋势,为制定健康政策提供科学依据。方法收集大连市区1991-2005年中小学生全死因数据,计算粗死亡率、死因构成、年度变化百分比(Annual Percent Change,APC),并描述死亡地点、诊断医院、诊断级别等死亡特点。结果中小学生平均死亡率为33.27/10万,男性为37.76/10万,女性为28.55/10万,占全人群的死亡构成在15a间下降了57.77%。前3位死因为损伤中毒、肿瘤、先天异常,其中损伤中毒的APC下降有统计学意义(t=-2.69,P=0.02);而损伤中毒中,前3位为交通事故、淹死、意外中毒。结论加强安全知识教育和妊娠期医疗保健,以降低严重疾病的发病率,是有效降低中小学生死亡率的关键。

Objective To analyze the trend of mortality among students aged 6-18 in Dalian, and to provide scientific evidence for the health policies. Methods The registration collected during the period of 1991-2005 were used to calculate the crude rate（CR）, constituent ratio of mortality（CRM）, and annual percent change（APC）, and to analyze the characteristics of mortality location, hospital scale and diagnostic method. Results The CRs were 33.27per 100 000 for males and 28.55 per 1000 000 for females and 33.27 per 100 000 for the total. Compared with the whole population, the CRM of the student was decreased 57.77% during 1991-2005. The main mortality causes were injury and toxin, tumour and congenital aberration. The descent of APC of IT had significance（t=-2.69,P=0.02）. The main causes of injury and toxin were traffic accidents, drowning and accidental toxin. Conclusion In order to decrease the mortality among the pupils, safety education and health protection during gestation should be strengthened.