中学生自杀行为流行现状及其与心理-情绪障碍的关联

Prevalence of Suicide Behavior in Middle School Students and Its Correlations with Mental-Emotional Disorders

目的分析中国中学生自杀行为流行现状及其与心理-情绪障碍的关联,为制定有效干预措施提供依据。方法利用2005年全国青少年健康危险行为调查资料,分析中学生人群(181832名)自杀行为的发生情况及其与心理-情绪障碍的关联;心理-情绪指标为"经常/总是"出现孤独、学习压力、失眠和伤心绝望。结果男、女生自杀意念报告率为16.7%和24.3%,自杀计划报告率为5.6%和7.7%,自杀行动报告率为2.9%和3.0%。以行为复合体形式组成4类自杀现象。男、女均有2/3在意念、计划缺失下行动,女生有意念计划但未行动率高是导致性别差异的主要原因。非参数检验提示,自杀现象和"经常/总是"出现心理-情绪问题间存在密切关联。结论中学生自杀行为流行现状不容乐观。中学生自杀行为与心理-情绪障碍密切关联,学校卫生工作者可在青少年自杀预防方面发挥积极作用。

Objective To analyze correlation between the prevalence of suicide and the mental-emotion disorders, and to provide bases for the intervention measures. Methods Data come from 2005 Nationai Survey on Adolescent Health risk Behavior. Totally 181 832 subjects participated. Four indices such as solitude, learning stress, sleeping disturbance and solid/desperate were used to show mental-emotion disorders. Results Prevalence rate were 16.7% and 24.3% for suicide ideation, 5.6% and 7.7% for suicide plan, and 2.9% and 3.0% for attempts, for boys and girls respectively. These behaviors were combined into a successive compound with four features. Both for two genders, about 2/3 of the students attempted without primary thoughts and plans. The feature that more girls only have thoughts and plan but not attempt was the major cause of gender difference on suicide behaviors. By using non-parametric analysis, suicide features was closely correlated to mental-emotion disorders. Conclusion The prevalence of suicide is not optimistic among middle school students. The school heaitb personnel have the duty to take an active part in the prevention of adolescent suicide.