轴重40t重载敞车车体有限元分析

FEM Analysis of 40t-axleload Heavy Haul Gondola Car-body

发展重载是提高铁路货运能力和货物运输实现快速发展的有效途径。而提高轴重、减轻自重成为实现重载运输的重要措施。出口澳大利亚的矿石专用敞车采用侧立柱内置方式,车体长为10 100 mm,宽为3 255 mm;与矿石接触的部件采用不锈钢NIROSTA 4003mod,其余部件采用高强度结构钢Q450NQR1,这样不仅提高了车体容积率,同时减轻了车体自重,使得轴重达到40 t,载重达到了138.5 t,提高了货运能力。并采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,对该敞车进行了线性和非线性静强度有限元分析。计算结果表明,该车车体在各种工况载荷作用下,满足AAR《货车设计制造规范》设计标准。同时找出了车体结构的薄弱环节,为进一步改进重载敞车的结构设计提供了参考。

The effective approach of improving the railway freight transportation abihty and achieving great- leap - forward development of freight transport is to expand heavy haul. Increasing the axle load and decreasing the tare weight are the important measures of achieving heavy haul transport.Ore Gondola exported to Australia adopts the sidewall pillars placed in the car- body, car- body＇s length is 10 100mm and carbody＇s width is 3 255 mm. Furthermore, Car- body adopts two materials, the parts of body which contact with ore use stainless steel NIROSTA^＊ 4003mod and others use high strength structural steel Q450NQR1, which increases cubage rate, decreases the tare weight, makes the axle weight reach up to 40 t and loading weigh reach up to 138.5 t, and then increases the freight transportation ability. Using large - scale general FEM software ANASYS, the linear and non - linear finite element analysis for the Gondola car - body is studied in this paper. The results show that the body meets the requirements of the AAR design and test standard under any cases. Meanwhile weaknesses of the car- body structure are put forward, which provide reference for structure improvement design of the heavy haul gondola.