350km·h^(-1)高速列车噪声机理、声源识别及控制

Noise Mechanism,Sound Source Localization and Noise Control of 350 km·h^(-1) High-Speed Train

为了考察350 km.h-1高速列车在运行状态下的车外噪声水平、主要声源及其源强分布特性,根据国内外高速列车噪声理论和试验研究经验,在列车和线路状况满足ISO3095—2005标准相关要求的前提下,在京津城际铁路选取现场测试工点,采用多通道阵列式噪声数据采集分析系统,对京津城际铁路高速列车噪声进行现场测试。测试数据分析结果表明:350 km.h-1高速列车车外辐射噪声的主要声源为轮轨接触部位、转向架、受电弓及其底座以及车辆连接处的气动噪声;对车辆上不同位置测得的声暴露级按大小排序,前4名的依次为头车轮轨接触位置、第2节车辆受电弓位置、第2节车辆的轮轨接触位置、头车和第2节车辆上部的气动噪声。由此提出350 km.h-1高速列车噪声的控制策略及措施。

In order to investigate the noise level, major sound sources and their distribution characteristics of 350 km·h^-1 high-speed train in operation, based on the current theoretical and experimental experience of high-speed train noise, a testing site is selected on Jing-Jin Inter-City high-speed railway, at which the status of the train and the track are satisfied with the correlative condition of ISO3095--2005. The field test of high-speed train noise is carried out through using the data acquisition and analysis system of multichannel microphone array for high-speed railway noise. The testing results show that the major sound sources of the emitting noise from 350 km·h^-1 high-speed train are the wheel/rail rolling noise and the aerodynamic noise from the bogie, the equipments and recess of the pantograph, and the inter-coach spacing. The first four sound sources of the SEL curves corresponding to the eight vehicles refer, in turn, to the wheel/rail contact area of the first vehicle, the pantograph on the second vehicle, the wheel/rail contact area of the second vehicle, and the aerodynamic noise from the up-part of the first two vehicles. Finally, several countermeasures are proposed to control 350 km·h^-1 high-speed train noise based on the testing results.