宁波市高校校园植物现状调查与评价

A Note on Status in Quo of Campus Plants in Universities in Ningbo

在对宁波市4所高校校园植物种质资源进行全面调查的基础上,分析了绿化植物的种类、数量、应用频率、植物物种丰富度等,结果表明:这些高校校园共有207种植物,隶属于90科199属,其中乔木45种,占22%;灌木45种,占22%;藤本13种,占6%;草本104种,占50%.人工栽培的绿化植物111种,占植物总数的54%;而杂草有87种,占42%,比例较大,其中葎草(Humulus scandens)、加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)对其他植物和校园景观产生了严重影响.校园植物资源丰富度指数为16.86.整体上校园的植物资源较丰富,但绿化结构简单,乔木和草本绿化植物种类较少,校园树种组成类同者较多,种类单一.建议加大植物种类的引种,提高植物种类的丰富度,使校园绿化体系发挥更好的生态效益和景观效果.

On the basis of thorough survey on campus plants in 4 universities in Ningbo areas, this paper analyzes the plants in terms of assortment, number, planting frequency, species richness, etc. The investigation results show that there are 207 types of plants identified in the universities, belonging to 90 families and 199 genera, among which 45 species of arbors accounting for 22%, 45 species of bushes for 22%, 13 species of Liana for 6%, and 104 species of herbs accounting for 50%. There are two types of plant per hectare on average and the richness index is 16.86. 111 species are found in ornamental plants making up 54%; 87 species of weed dominates in number and account for 79% of herbal and 40% of the total number of plants, including the Japan Hop, Canada Goldenrop and Goosegrass. All the weeds inflict serious undesired impacts on other plants and compromise the scene of campus landscape. It is found that, although the plant resources on campus seem plentiful as a whole, the greenery structure needs to he enhanced by greater diversities, and the visual effects still have much room for improvement.