大鼠吸入贫铀气溶胶后体内铀的分布

Distribution of uranium in rats inhaled with depleted uranium aerosols

目的建立贫铀（depleted uranium，DU）气溶胶吸入动物模型，观察气溶胶吸入后DU在重要组织器官的蓄积情况。方法采用大鼠吸入DU气溶胶的实验模型，分别在吸入后的30、90、180、270、360和540d，采用激光时间分辨发光分析法测定肺脏、肾脏、股骨、肝脏、心脏、脑、脾脏和胸腺等的铀含量。结果DU气溶胶吸入后高低剂量组大鼠肺铀含量分别为（499833．3±14214．8）ng／g及（25424．0±6193．4）ng／g，明显高于未吸人组（28．8±13．9）ng／g（P〈0．05）。吸入30d后，肺、股骨及肾中的铀含量明显升高，随时间逐渐下降；吸入60d起，肝脏、大脑、心脏、胸腺、脾脏中铀含量高于对照组，铀含量呈先升高后降低的两相分布。铀含量以肺脏、股骨、大脑、胸腺中较高，肾次之，肝、心脏、脾较少。结论DU气溶胶吸入后，铀可在肺、肾、股骨、肝脏、大脑、心脏、胸腺、脾脏等分布，其中肺、股骨、大脑、胸腺及肾脏中高浓度铀的存在提示上述器官是DU损伤的潜在靶器官。

Objective To investigate the distribution of uranium in rats after inhalation with depleted uranium aerosols. Methods The depleted uranium aerosols were inhaled by Wistar rats. At 30, 90, 180, 270, 360, and 540 d after inhalation, the rats were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected. The contents of uranium in lung, kidney, liver, heart, brain, thighbone, spleen and thymus were measured by laser time- dependent spectroscopy analysis. Results The uranium contents of lung increased in the high-dose and low- dose groups [ （499 833.3 ± 14 214.8 ） ng/g and （25 424.0 ± 6193.4） ng/g, respectively I after inhalation, and significantly differed from the control （28.8 ± 13.9）ng/g, （P 〈 0.05）. At 30 d after inhalation, the contents of uranium in lung, kidney and thighbone were higher than those of control, and then decreased time-dependently. At 60 d, the contents of uranium in liver, heart, brain, spleen and thymus were higher than those of control. Curve of the contents were biphasic, which went up first, reached at peak value and then went down. The contents of uranium were high in lung, thighbone, brain and thymus. Conclusions After inhalation of depleted uranium aerosols, lung and thighbone are the primary reservoirs for uranium redistributed, and accumulations in brain and thymus suggest other two organs for unanticipated injury by depleted uranium.