对普通高校办高水平运动队政策的审视

Review of high performance sports team running policies of common institutes of higher learning

高等学校办高水平运动队目的是促进运动员文化水平与运动水平平衡发展,但政策目标、培养与质量控制政策偏向于提高运动技术水平,在短期利益的驱使下,运动员的文化学习得不到应有的重视。招生政策以"管"为主,以"放"为辅;培养政策以"放"为主,以"管"为辅;质量控制由高校负责;整个政策朝着有利于提高高校办队自主权的方向发展。但"管"的主体、内容、标准、形式尚不完善,"放"的度未有底线。同时,政策对系统内各子系统之间的合作及与系统环境的交流存在缺位,对政策主客体之间的利益缺乏调控与监督,易导致政策失灵。针对现实中存在的问题,相应政策需进一步完善,对招生、培养、输出环节实行底线控制,对系统内各子系统之间的竞争与合作及系统与环境之间的开放交流进行规范与引导,同时加大对政策的监督力度,促进高校高水平运动队系统持续、良性运行。

The purpose of high performance sports teaming running by institutes of higher learning is to boost the balanced development of cultural and sports performance of athletes. However, policy objectives and policies for cultivation and quality control tend to enhance sports technical performance, and driven by short-term interests, athlete＇s cultural learning is not duly valued. Policies for student recruiting focus primarily on ＂control＂, secondly on ＂free＂; quality control is managed by institutes of higher learning; all the policies are developed toward a direction conducive to enhancing such institutes＇ independent right to team running. However, the subject, contents, standards and forms with respect to ＂control＂ are not perfected, and there is no bottom line for the degree of ＂free＂, whereas, there is a lack of cooperation between the policies and various sub systems in the system as well as communication between the policies and system environments, there is a lack of regulating and monitoring on interests between the subject and object of the policies, which tends to result in the occurrence of ＂policy failure＂ phenomena. For problems existing in the reality, the policies need to be further perfected; bottom lines for such 3 links as student recruiting, cultivation and output should be controlled; the competition and cooperation between various sub systems in the system as well as the open communication between the system and environments should be standardized and guided, whereas policy monitoring should be strengthened, so as to promote the sustainable and benign running of the higher performance sports team system of institutes of higher learning.