籽用南瓜种质资源植物学性状多样性分析

Botanical Diversity Analysis of Seed-used Pumpkin Germplasm Resources

分析了20份南瓜材料24个植物学性状的多样性,结果表明,中国南瓜、印度南瓜、美洲南瓜、裸仁南瓜和黑籽南瓜在皮壳质量、千粒重、根干质量、茎干质量、主茎长和果实性状上差异较大。主成分分析表明,种子长、种子宽、种子厚、皮壳质量、千粒重、子叶宽、茎干质量、主茎长、种仁质量、出仁率、种皮色、叶干质量和单瓜种子数是植物学多样性的主要指标。通过聚类分析,20份材料分为5个类群,与南瓜的传统分类基本一致,美洲南瓜与裸仁南瓜的亲缘关系最近,与印度南瓜和中国南瓜亲缘关系较远,与黑籽南瓜和华南大板最远。初步探讨了籽用南瓜的植物学多样性,筛选出1份优良的大白板型有壳籽用南瓜材料,并提出皮壳质量、千粒重、茎干质量、主茎长和单瓜种子数5个性状作为籽用南瓜资源植物学描述评价的代表性状,以期为籽用南瓜的育种奠定基础。

The botanical diversity of 20 accessions of pumpkin germplasm resources was analyzed to discuss the botanical differences and genetic relation among C. moschata , C. maxima, C. pepo , C. mixia and C. ficifolia . The resuits showed that pumpkin germplasm resources were different in some characters, such as shell weight（SW）, 1 000 seed weight（ 1000SWT）, root dry weight, shoot dry weight（SDW）, main stem length（ MSL） and fruit characters. By the principal components data, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, SW, 1000SWT, cotyledon width, SDW, MSL, kernel weight, kernel percentage, seed coat color, leaf dry weight and number of seeds per fruit（NSF）were main characters of botanical diversity. Based on the botanical data, 20 accessions were clustered into 5 groups, their consanguinity seriation was： C. pepo , C . mixia , C . moschata , C . maxima and C . ficifolia . 5 characters（SW, 1000SWT, SDW, MSL and NSF）were representative for seed-used pumpkin botanical character evaluation. 1 improved seed-used pumpkin variety was screened. All these have been the foundation work for seed-used pumpkin breeding.