阿伦特论马克思的文本解读——以西方政治思想传统为视角

The Text Interpretation of Hannah Arendt on Marx——In the prospective of the Western political ideological tradition

阿伦特认为,西方政治思想传统肇始于柏拉图对苏格拉底之死的分析,表现为哲学和政治、真理与意见、理论与实践的分离和对立;马克思哲学则通过三个主要命题终结了这一传统,却又显示了与传统的复杂的相互关联,从而使马克思学说陷入了不可克服的基本矛盾;阿伦特对此的分析有着重大的理论和现实意义,却又不免牵强,需要细致地加以辨明。

In Arendt＇s opinion, the Western political and ideological tradition was started from Plato＇s analysis of the death of Socrates. Its impressive feature is the separation and confrontation between philosophy and politics, truth and ideas, theory and practice. Marx＇s philosophy ended the tradition by means of three main topics, yet demonstrated complex relations with this tradition. As a result, it made Marx＇s theory run into the insurmountable basic contradictions. Arendt＇s analysis of this phenomenon has great theoretical and practical significance, but it is not profound. It needs to be clarified carefully.