生物工程应用于作物育种的试验研究 第5报 水稻抗稻瘟病细胞突变体的筛选

STUDIES ON THE BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN CROP BREEDING Ⅴ. Screening of Rice Somaclonal Mutants with Resistance to Pyricularia oryzae

以稻瘟病病原菌毒素滤液为选择压力,在水稻种胚愈伤组织的诱导.继代和分化过程中,筛选出一批水稻抗病细胞突变体。稻瘟病病原菌毒素滤液可代替孢子悬液直接用于抗病细胞突变体筛选与鉴定。在愈伤组织诱导培养基中加入45％的毒素滤液,或在愈伤组织诱导培养基与分化培养基均加入30％或45％的毒素滤液,效果较好。经毒素处理筛选出的绿苗,其后代有一部分无性系的抗病性是稳定的,可供选择利用;过氧化物酶同工酶与植株和愈伤组织的抗病性有关,可作为选择抗病突变体的指标。本文还对完善这项试验及与水稻育种有关的问题,进行了初步讨论。

Some blast-resistant somaclonal mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were selected from calli treated with toxin filtrate extracted from the mycelia of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in the process of induction, subculture and differentiation. The toxin filtrate extracted from the mycelia of P. oryzae can be used for the screening or identification of disease-resistant mutants because the pathogenic toxicity is similar to that of spore suspension. The results show that it is the better for calli to De cultured in the induction medium treated with 45%(V/V)toxin filtrate or in both in duction medium and differentiation medium treated with 30% (V/V) or 45% (V/V) toxin filtrate. The disease resistance of some progenies from the mutants is stable and these somaclones can be used as materials in breeding. POD can be used as indices to appraise the qualities of blast-resistant somaclones because they are related to resistance of plants and calli. Some problems about this experiment and the rice breeding are also discussed in present paper.