从鲁智深形象的塑造看《水浒传》的深层思想蕴涵

The Deep Implication of Water Margin Viewing from the Image of LU Zhi-shen

鲁智深是《水浒传》中出场最早最富有传奇色彩的侠义英雄之一,作者对他的形象塑造呈现出矛盾的二重性:一方面赞扬鲁智深仗义助人、豪侠勇武的美德,褒奖他所建立的不朽功勋,称赞他的"无欲",表现出宋明理学思想的影响。另一方面又浓墨重彩地描述他对佛门清规戒律的践踏,对其毫不留情地进行暴露与讽刺。虽然鲁智深杀人放火,不守"三归"、"五戒",但作者却让他坐化成佛,终成正果,并获得朝廷封赠。这表明《水浒传》蕴涵着作者内心深处难以消解的矛盾,既蔑视和批判佛教戒律的虚伪,又走不出佛教成正果的圈子。鲁智深形象的塑造是一种无奈的选择。

LU Zhi-shen is one of the legendary heroes in Water Margin. On the one hand , the novel praises LU Zhi-shen＇s moral excellence to uphold justice, showing the influence of the Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism thought. On the other hand, it describes his trampling on Buddhism rules and regulations, and relentlessly discloses and satirizes him. Although LU Zhi-shen kills and torches, he does not obey the＂ three rules and ＂five disciplines＂, the author actually lets him become Buddhahood, and obtain the royal government to bestow imperial honors on him. This indicates Water Margin contains the contradiction which the author both despises and criticizes the Buddhism discipline and cannot step out of the circle of Buddhism .