解读洪堡特关于语言本质和语言“世界观”问题的哲学思想

An Interpretation of Humboldt Concerning the Essence of Language and His Philosophical Thought About Linguistic" Worldview "

德国学者洪堡特对西方近代学界产生了深远的历史影响,其思想在当今时代仍具有重要的现实意义。作为语言学家、语言思想家和人类学家的洪堡特,对语言世界观问题的明晰化做出了重要的理论贡献。语言世界观,在最广泛的意义上,即语言与世界的关系。洪堡特对这一问题的科学阐述和解释,构成了他的语言哲学思想体系的重要组成部分。基于洪堡特的人文主义语言研究哲学立场与方法,其关于语言本质的思想,可概括表述为三个方面:(1)语言表现为有机体;(2)语言的共性与差异;(3)人类语言结构的差异。这三个方面是洪堡特对"语言世界观"问题的理论贡献。

W. von Humboldt （1767 -1835 ）, with his profound thoughts influential even in the present days, is of significance in the modern western scholarly world. As a linguist, humanist thinker and an anthropologist, Humboldt played a great role in the theorization of the issue of linguistic worldview. In a general sense, linguistic worldview reflects the correlations between a language and a living world. What Humboldt did on the issue is believed to be an important part of his thought on language, which can be summarized as three points： （1） language as organic body, （2） language with both universality and diversity, and （3） the variety of human language structure.