1997～2007年天津市急性病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

The epidemiological analysis of acute viral hepatitis from 1997 to 2007 in Tianjin

目的分析天津市急性病毒性肝炎流行现状、发展趋势及探讨控制对策。方法回顾性统计1997-2007年急性病毒性肝炎病例，数据用Excel整理，采用描述性流行病学分析方法。结果报告急性病毒性肝炎9455例，其中以乙型肝炎和戊型肝炎所占比例为高，分别为36．28％和27．94％，其次为未定型肝炎（20．95％）、甲型肝炎和丙型肝炎所占比例为最低，分别为12．98％和1．85％；戊型和未定型以中老年（31-60a）为主，分别占78．8％（2082／2642）、64．0％（1267／1981），甲型以青少年（11-30a）为主，占59．8％（734／1227），乙型、丙型以中青年（21～50a）为主，分别占80．85％（2773，3430）、70．86％（124／175）；各型肝炎男性所占比例均显著高于女性；甲型肝炎以1-4月为发病高峰期，戊型肝炎以12～6月为发病高峰期，未定型肝炎以12～5月为发病高峰期，乙型及丙型肝炎发病无明显季节性；感染途径甲、戊、未定型肝炎传播途径以消化道感染为主，乙型肝炎传播途径以性接触为主，丙型肝炎传播途径多数有不洁注射史。结论急性病毒性肝炎以乙型、戊型及未定型肝炎为主，近2年总体发病例数呈减少趋势。防治仍需从饮食卫生、注射用具的管理、加强宣传教育及健康人群保护入手。

Objective： To explore the popular status ,tendency and control policy of acute viral hepatitis in Tianjin. Methods All data from Jan 1997 to Dec 2007 are added up and dealt with by Excel. The article is applied with discretional statistical method. Result there were 9445 cases of acute virus hepatitis in total which were collected. The more prevalence rate are tape B （36.28%） and E （27.94%）, secondly are unknown tape （20.95%） and tape A （12.98%）, the least is tape C （1.85%）. The majority of Hepatitis E and unknown tape are the middle-old （31-60a）, 78.8% （2082/2642）, 64.0% （1267/1981）, respectively. The majority of Hepatitis A are adolescents （11-30a）, 59.8% （734/1227）. The majority of Hepatitis B and C are the adolescent and middle, 80.8% （2773/3430）, 70.9% （124/175）, respectively. Sex male patients distinctively surpass female in each tape of acute viral hepatitis. The peak months of Hepatitis A are 1-4M, Hepatitis E 12-6M, unknown tape 12-5 M, Hepatitis B and C have not obviously seasonal difference. Transmission： HAV, HEV and unknown virus were spread mainly through digest tract, HBV through sex contact, HCV through stained injection. Conclusion The common acute viral hepatitis are Hepatitis B, E and unknown tape, however, the cases of acute hepatitis have been clinging to decrease. Prevention of viral hepatitis is to intensify the hygiene of diet and injective tools ,broadcast sex education and protect the healthy population.